Increased platelet aggregation and activation in peripheral arterial disease

Spontaneous platelet aggregation (SPA) at 3 min in CEA (n = 40), AAA (n = 13) and lower limb PAD (n = 20) patients compared with normal controls (n = 20). Data is shown as medians with scatter plots (*p < 0.01, **p < 0.001 Mann–Whitney U-test). (CEA = carotid endarterectomy, AAA = abdominal aortic aneurysm, PAD = peripheral arterial disease).

Graph of spontaneous platelet aggregation (SPA), ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation in control (n = 20) patients compared with lower limb PAD (n = 20) patients. Data is shown as medians with scatter plots (**p < 0.01 Mann–Whitney U-test).

PAC-1 expression (%) in CEA (n = 40), AAA (n = 13) and lower limb PAD (n = 20) patients compared with normal controls (n = 20). Data is shown as medians with scatter plots (p = not significant, Mann–Whitney U-test). (CEA = carotid endarterectomy, AAA = abdominal aortic aneurysm, PAD = peripheral arterial disease).

P-selectin expression (%) in CEA (n = 40), AAA (n = 13) and lower limb PAD (n = 20) patients compared with normal controls (n = 20). Data is shown as medians with scatter plots (*p < 0.05 Mann–Whitney U-test). (CEA = carotid endarterectomy, AAA = abdominal aortic aneurysm, PAD = peripheral arterial disease).