European Journal of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery
Volume 32, Issue 2 , Pages 203-211 , August 2006

Grafts and Graft Materials as Vascular Substitutes for Haemodialysis Access Construction

  • L. Berardinelli

      Affiliations

    • Division of Vascular Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, Policlinico University Hospital Foundation, IRCCS, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
    • General Surgery and Organ Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Prof. L. Berardinelli, IRCCS-Policlinico University Hospital Foundation, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy

,Accepted 6 January 2006.

References 

  1. Xue L, Greisler H. Biomaterials in the development and future of vascular grafts. J Vasc Surg. 2003;37:472–480
  2. Haimov M, Burrows L, Shanzer H, Neff M, Baez A, Kwun K, et al. Experience with arterial substitutes in the construction of vascular access for hemodialysis. J Cardiovasc Surg. 1980;21:149
  3. Bhandari S, Wilkinson A, Sellars L. Saphenous vein forearm grafts and goretex thigh grafts as alternative forms of vascular access. Clin Nephrol. 1995;44:325–328
  4. Cimochowski GE. Use of the spiral vein graft as an arterial substitute for secondary access. Am J Nephrol. 1991;11:64–66
  5. Ahmed N. Brachial artery to brachial vein preserved vein allograft fistulas for hemodialysis. J Cardiovasc Surg. 1976;17:483–488
  6. Vegeto A, Berardinelli L, Malan E. Use of homologous vein grafts for chronic hemodialysis. J Cardiovasc Surg. 1977;18(5):501–504
  7. Piccone VA. Preserved saphenous vein allografts for vascular access. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1978;147:385–390
  8. Benedetto B, Lipkowitz G, Madden R, Kurbanov A, Hull D, Miller M, et al. Use of cryopreserved cadaveric vein allografts for hemodialysis access precludes kidney transplantation because of allosensitization. J Vasc Surg. 2001;34:139–142
  9. Heintjes RJ. The results of denatured homologous vein grafts as conduits for secondary hemodialysis access surgery. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 1995;9:58–63
  10. Bosman PJ, Blankestijn PJ, van der Graaf Y, Heintjes RJ, Koomans HA, Eikelboom BC. A comparison between PTFE and denatured homologous vein grafts for hemodialysis access: a prospective randomized multicenter trial. The SMASH Study group. Study of graft materials in access for hemodialysis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 1998;16:126–132
  11. Matsuura JH, Rosenthal D, Wellons ED, Castronovo CS, Fronk D. Hemodialysis graft infections treated with cryopreserved femoral vein. Cardiovasc Surg. 2002;10:561–565
  12. Bolton WD, Cull DL, Taylor SM, Carsten CG III, Snyder BA, Sullivan TM, et al. The use of cryopreserved femoral vein grafts for hemodialysis access in patients at high risk for infection: a word of caution. J Vasc Surg. 2002;36:464–468
  13. Abu-dalu J, Urca U, Zonder HB, Rosenfeld JB. Hemodialysis treatment by means of a cadaver arterial allografts. Arch Surg. 1972;105:798–801
  14. Dardik H, Ibrahim IM, Dardik I. Arteriovenous fistulas constructed with modified human umbilical cord vein graft. Arch Surg. 1976;111:60–62
  15. Wellington JL. Umbilical vein grafts for vascular access in patients on long term hemodialysis. Can J Surg. 1981;24:608–609
  16. Jorgensen L, Bilde T, Kvist KJ, Buchardt HHJ. Human umbilical vein for vascular access in chronic hemodialysis. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1985;19:49–53
  17. Broyn T, Christensen O, Fossdal JE, Kordt KF, Kroese A, Myhre HO. Early complications with a new bovine arterial graft (Solcograft P®). Acta Chir Scand. 1986;152:263–266
  18. Brems J, Castaneda M, Garvin PJ. A five year experience with the bovine heterograft for vascular access. Arch Surg. 1986;121:941–944
  19. Metha S. Statistical summary of clinical results of vascular procedures for hemodialysis. In:  Sommer BG,  Henry ML editor. Vascular access for hemodialysis, II. USA: WL Gore & Associates, Inc. and Precept Press; 1991;p. 145–157
  20. Reese JC, Esterl R, Lindsey L, et al. A prospective randomized comparison of bovine heterografts versus impra grafts for chronic hemodialysis. In:  Henry ML,  Ferguson RM editor. Vascular access for hemodialysis, III. USA: WL Gore & Associates, Inc. and Precept Press; 1993;p. 157–162
  21. Oakes D, Gregg A, Sherck J, Guest SS. A new operation with inadequate Brescia fistulae for preservation of more proximal veins. J Vasc Surg. 2002;36(2):346–350
  22. Decurtinis M, Uhlschmid GK, Buchmann P. Bovine xenograft—a useful tissue for construction of arteriovenous fistulas for chronic hemodialysis. In:  Kootstra G,  Jorning PJG editor. Access surgery. Lancaster (England): MPT Press Limited; 1983;p. 103–111
  23. Kaplan MS, Mirahmadi KS, Wiener RL, Gorman JT, Dabirvaziri N, Rosen SM. Comparison of PTFE and bovine grafts for blood access in dialysis patients. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs. 1976;22:388
  24. Wang SS, Chu SH. Clinical use of omniflow vascular graft as arteriovenous bridging graft for hemodialysis. Artif Organs. 1996;20(12):1278–1281
  25. Katzman HE, Glickman MH, Schild AF, Fujitani RM, Lawson JH. Multicenter evaluation of the bovine mesenteric vein bioprostheses for hemodialysis access in patients with an earlier failed prosthetic graft. J Am Coll Surg. 2005;201:223–230
  26. Garvin PJ, Castaneda MA, Codd JE. Etiology and management of bovine graft aneurysms. Arch Surg. 1982;117:281–284
  27. Matsuura JH, Black KS, Levitt AB, Rosenthal D, Wellons ED, Fallon MT, et al. Cellular remodeling of depopulated bovine ureter used as an arteriovenous graft in the canine model. J Am Coll Surg. 2004;198(5):778–783
  28. Glickman MH, Lawson JH, Katzman HE, Schild AF, Fujitani RM. Challenges of hemodialysis access for high risk patients: impact of mesenteric bioprosthetic graft. J Vasc Access. 2003;4:73–80
  29. Widmer MK, Aregger F, Stauffer E, Savolainen H, Heller G, Hakki H, et al. Intermediate outcome and risk factor assessment of bovine vascular heterograft used as AV-fistulas for hemodialysis access. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2004;27:660–665
  30. Lin PH, Brinkman WT, Terramani TT, Lumsden AB. Management of infected hemodialysis grafts using crypreserved human vein allografts. Am J Surg. 2002;184:21–36
  31. Huber TS, Hirneise CM, Lee WA, Flynn TC, Seeger JM. Outcome after autogenous brachial-axillary translocated superficial femoropopliteal vein hemodialysis access. J Vasc Surg. 2004;40:311–318
  32. Gradman WS, Laub J, Cohen W. Femoral vein transposition for arteriovenous hemodialysis access: improved patient selection and intraoperative measures reduce postoperative ischemia. J Vasc Surg. 2005;41(2):279–284
  33. Elliott MP. Use of expanded PTFE grafts for vascular access in hemodialysis: laboratory and clinical evaluation. Am Surg. 1977;43:455–459
  34. Vroman L. Methods of investigating protein interaction on artificial and natural surfaces. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1987;516:300–305
  35. Huber TS, Carter JW, Carter RL, Seeger JM. Patency of autogenous and PTFE upper extremity arteriovenous hemodialysis accesses: a systematic review. J Vasc Surg. 2003;38:1005–1011
  36. Gibson KD, Gillen DL, Caps MT, Kohler TR, Sherrard DJ. Vascular access survival and incidence of revisions: a comparison of prosthetic grafts, simple autogenous fistulas, and venous transposition fistulas from the United States Renal Data System Dialysis Morbidity and Mortality Study. J Vasc Surg. 2001;34:694–700
  37. Hodges TC, Fillinger MF, Zwolak RM, Walsh DB, Bech F, Cronenwett JL. Longitudinal comparison of dialysis access methods: risk factors for failure. J Vasc Surg. 1997;26:1009–1019
  38. Lenz BJ. A three year follow-up on standard versus thin wall ePTFE grafts for hemodialysis. J Vasc Surg. 1998;28:464–470
  39. Almonacid PJ, Pallares EC, Rodriguez AQ, Valdes JS, Rueda Orgaz JA, Polo JR. Comparative study of use of diastat versus standard wall PTFE grafts in upper arm hemodialysis access. Ann Vasc Surg. 2000;14(6):659–662
  40. Sorom AJ, Hughes CB, McCarty JT, Jenson BM, Prieto M, Pannenton JM, et al. Prospective, randomized evaluation of a cuffed e-PTFE graft for hemodialysis vascular access. Surgery. 2002;132(2):135–140
  41. Reed WP, Sadler JH. Experience with a needless vascular access device (hemasite) for hemodialysis. South Med J. 1984;77:1501–1503
  42. Santerre JP, Labow RS, Duguay DG, Erfle D, Adams GA. Biodegradation evaluation of polyether and polyester-urethanes with oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes. J Biomed Mater Res. 1994;28(10):1187–1199
  43. Glickman MH, Stokes GK, Ross JR, Schuman ED, Sternberg WC 3rd, Lindbergh JS, et al. Multicenter evaluation of a polytetrafluoroethylene vascular access graft as compared with the e-PTFE vascular access graft in hemodialysis applications. J Vasc Surg. 2001;34(3):465–472
  44. Wiese P, Blume J, Mueller HJ, Renner H, Nonnast-Daniel AB. Clinical and Doppler ultrasonography data of a polyurethane vascular access graft for hemodialysis: a prospective study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003;18(7):1397–1400
  45. Nakagawa Y. Clinical trial of new PTFE vascular graft for hemodialysis: compared with expanded PTFE grafts. Artif Organs. 1995;19:1227–1232
  46. Allen RD, Yuill E, Nankivell BJ, Francis DM. Australian multicenter evaluation of a new polyurethane vascular access graft. Aust NZ J Surg. 1996;66(11):738–742
  47. Friedman DW, Orland PJ, Greco RS. Biomaterials: an historical prospective. In:  Greco RS editors. Implantation biology: the host response and biomedical devices. Baco Raton (Fla): CRC press; 1994;p. 1–12
  48. Munda R, First MR, Alexander JW, Linnemann Jr, Fidler JP, Kittur D. PTFE graft survival in hemodialysis. JAMA. 1983;249(2):219–222
  49. Rizzuti RP, Hale JC, Burkart TE. Extended patency of e-PTFE grafts for vascular access using optimal configuration and revisions. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1988;166(1):23–27
  50. Ruddle AC, Lear PA, Mitchell DC. The morbidity of secondary vascular access. A lifetime of intervention. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 1999;18:30–34
  51. Tellis VA, Veith FJ. Vascular access. In:  Haimovici H editors. Vascular surgery. East Norwalk, CT: Appleton and Lange, Inc.; 1989;p. 806–825
  52. Berardinelli L. Arteriovenous fistulas: different types and surgical techniques. In:  Ronco C,  Levin NW editor. Hemodialysis vascular access and peritoneal dialysis access. Contrib Nephrol. Basel, Karger. vol. 142:Basel, Karger: Contrib Nephrol; 2004;p. 47–72
  53. Greenstein S, Patel V, Kim D. Surgical creation of fistulas and grafts. Tech Vasc Intervent Radiol. 1999;2(4):174–178
  54. Cull JD, Cull DL, Taylor SM, Carsten CG 3rd, Snyder BA, Youkey JR, et al. Prosthetic thigh arteriovenous access: outcome with SVS/AAVS reporting standards. J Vasc Surg. 2004;39(2):381–386
  55. Gorski TF. Lower-extremity saphenous vein transposition arteriovenous fistula: an alternative for hemodialysis access in AIDS patients. Am Surg. 1998;64:338–340
  56. Pierre-Paul D, Williams S, Lee T, Gahtan V. Saphenous vein loop to femoral artery arteriovenous fistula: a practical alternative. Ann Vasc Surg. 2004;18(2):223–227
  57. Mandel SR, McDougal EG. Popliteal artery to saphenous vein vascular access. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1985;160:358–359
  58. Polo JR, Sanabia J, Garcia-Sabrido JL, Luno J, Menarguez C, Echenagusia A. Brachial-jugular PTFE fistulas for hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 1990;16(5):465–468
  59. McCann RL. Axillary grafts for difficult hemodialysis access. J Vasc Surg. 1996;24:457–461
  60. Rueckmann I, Berry C, Ouriel K, Hoffart N. The synthetic axillofemoral graft for hemodialysis access. ANNA J. 1991;18(6):567–571
  61. McLafferty RB, Taylor LM Jr, Moneta GL, Yeager RA, Edwards JM, Porter JM. Upper extremity thromboembolism after axillary–axillary bypass grafting. Cardiovasc Surg. 1996;4(1):111–113
  62. Settmacher U, Heise M, Sholz H. Das arterioarterielle Interponat als Dialysezugang. Gefasschirurgie. 1998;3:11–13
  63. Bünger CM, Kröger J, Kock L, Henning A, Klar E, Schareck W. Axillary–axillary interarterial chest loop conduit as an alternative for chronic hemodialysis access. J Vasc Surg. 2005;42:290–295
  64. El-Sabrout RA, Duncan JM. Right atrial bypass grafting for central venous obstruction associated with dialysis access: another treatment option. J Vasc Surg. 1999;29:472–478
  65. Karb SJ, Hawxby A, Burdick JF. Axillorenal arteriovenous graft: a new approach for dialysis access. J Vasc Surg. 2004;40:379–380
  66. Mickley V. Stenosis and thrombosis in hemodialysis fistulae and grafts: the surgeon's point of view. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004;19:309–311
  67. Georgiadis GS, Lazarides MK, Lambidis CD, Panagoutsos SA, Kostakis AG, Bastounis EA, et al. Use of short PTFE segments (<6cm) compares favorably with pure autologous repair in failing or thrombosed native arteriovenous fistulas. J Vasc Surg. 2005;41(1):76–81
  68. Ram SJ, Work J, Caldito GC, Eason JM, Pervez A, Paulson WD. A randomized controlled trial of blood flow and stenosis surveillance of hemodialysis grafts. Kidney Int. 2003;64(1):272–280
  69. Sloop GD, Fallon KB, Zieske AW. Atherosclerotic plaque-like lesions in synthetic arteriovenous grafts: implications for atherogenesis. Atherosclerosis. 2002;160(1):133–139
  70. Andrew J, Gibbons CP. Vascular access for hemodialysis. In:  Beard JD,  Murray S editor. Pathways of care in vascular surgery. Shrewsbury, UK: tfm Publishing Ltd; 2002;p. 241–254
  71. Tordoir JHM, Dammers R, Van der Sande FM. Upper arm extremity ischemia and hemodialysis vascular access. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2004;27:1–5
  72. Levin MP. The hemodialysis patient and hand amputation. Am J Nephrol. 2001;21(6):498–501
  73. Bonomo RA, Rice D, Whalen C, Linn D, Eckstein E, Shalaes DM. Risk factors associated with permanent access-site infections in chronic hemodialysis patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1997;18(11):757–761
  74. Pastan S, Soucie MJ, McClellan WM. Vascular access and increased risk of death among hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2002;62(2):620–626
  75. Sharpe JN, Shively EH, Polk HC. Clinical and economic outcomes of oral linezolid versus intravenous vancomycin in the treatment of MRSA-complicated, lower extremity skin and soft-tissue infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus. Am J Surg. 2005;189:425–428
  76. Minga TE, Flanagan KH, Allon M. Clinical consequences of infected arteriovenous grafts in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;38(5):975–978
  77. Berardinelli L. Dialysis access related infections: treatments and early/long term results. Cardionephrology. 2005;9:341–345[Ed. Bios, Castrolibero]

 Update on Renal Access and Transplantation—one of a series of educational articles edited by Mr Christopher Gibbons, Swansea, UK.

PII: S1078-5884(06)00007-4

doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2006.01.001

European Journal of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery
Volume 32, Issue 2 , Pages 203-211 , August 2006