European Journal of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery
Volume 35, Issue 2 , Pages 139-144 , February 2008

What Does ‘Best Medical Therapy’ Really Mean?

,Accepted 24 October 2007.

References 

  1. European Carotid Surgery Trialist's Collaborative Group. MRC European carotid surgery trial: interim results for symptomatic patients with severe (70–99%) or with mild (0–29%) carotid stenosis. Lancet. 1991;337:1235–1243
  2. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:445–453
  3. Executive Committee for the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study . Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid stenosis. JAMA. 1995;273:1421–1428
  4. MRC Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial (ACST) Collaborative Group. Prevention of disabling and fatal strokes by successful carotid endarterectomy in patients without recent neurological symptoms: randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2004;363:1491–1502
  5. Rothwell PM, Eliasziw M, Gutnikov SA, Warlow CP, Barnett HJ. Carotid Endarterectomy Trialists Collaboration: Endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis in relation to clinical subgroups and timing of surgery. Lancet. 2004;363:915–924
  6. Rothwell PM, Giles MF, Chandratheva A, Marquardt L, Geraghty O, Redgrave JNE, et al. Effect of urgent treatment of transient ischaemic attack and minor stroke on early recurrent stroke (EXPRESS study): a prospective population-based sequential comparison. Lancet. 2007;6:953–960
  7. Hennerici M, Huelsboemer HB, Hefter H, Lammerts D, Rautenberg W. Natural history of asymptomatic extracranial disease. Results of a long-term prospective study. Brain. 1987;110:777–791
  8. Sillesen H, Amarenco P, Szarek M, Callahan A, Goldstein L, Hennerici M, et al. on behalf of the SPARCL Investigators. Atorvastatin treatment in patients with carotid stenosis is associated with a marked reduction in the risk stroke, cardiac events and endarterectomy. A substudy of the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) Trial. Stroke. 2007;38:457
  9. Antithrombotic Trialists Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of anti-platelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ. 2002;324:71–86
  10. CAPRIE Steering Committee . A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet. 1996;348:1329–1339
  11. Diener HC, Cunha L, Forbes C, Sivenius J, Smets P, Lowenthal A. European Stroke Prevention Study. 2. Dipyridamole and acetylsalicylic acid in the secondary prevention of stroke. J Neurol Sci. 1996 Nov;143(1–2):1–13
  12. Bhatt DL, Kieth AA, Fox MB, Berger GP, Black HR, Boden WE, et al. for the CHARISMA investigators: Clopidogrel and Aspirin versus Aspirin Alone for the Prevention of Atherothrombotic Events. N Engl J Med. 2006;354
  13. Nelson MR, Liew D, Bertram M, Vos T. Epidemiological modelling of routine use of low dose aspirin for the primary prevention of coronary heart disease and stroke in those aged > or =70. BMJ. 2005 Jun 4;330(7503):1306
  14. The European Stroke Initiative Executive Committee and the EUSI Writing Committee . European stroke initiative recommendations for stroke management – update 2003. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2003;16:311–337
  15. Amarenco P, Bogousslavsky JC, Callahan A, Goldstein L, Hennerici M, Sillesen H, et al. A placebo-controlled trial of high-dose atorvastatin in patients with recent stroke or transient ischemic attack. The Stroke Prevention with Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) Study. New England Journal of Medicine. Aug 10, 2006;355(6):549–559
  16. Schwartz GG, Olsson AG, Ezekowitz M, Ganz P, Oliver MF, Waters DD, et al. Effects of atorvastatin on early recurrent ischemic events in acute coronary syndromes: the MIRACL study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2001 Apr 4;285(13):1711–1718
  17. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;360:1–12
  18. LaRosa JC, Grundy SM, Waters DD, Shear C, Barter P, Fruchart JC, et al. Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2005 Apr 7;352(14):1425–1435
  19. Cannon CP, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, Rader DJ, Rouleau JL, Belder R. Intensive versus moderate lipid lowering with statins after acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2004 Apr 8;350(15):1495–1504
  20. Pedersen TR, Faergeman O, Kastelein JJ, Olsson AG, Tikkanen MJ, Holme I, et al. High-dose atorvastatin vs usual-dose simvastatin for secondary prevention after myocardial infarction: the IDEAL study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2005 Nov 16;294(19):2437–2445
  21. European Society for Hypertension . ESH-ESC guidelines management of arterial hypertension. <www.eshonline.org>2007;
  22. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators . Effects of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, Ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:145–153
  23. Östergren J, Sleight P, Dagenais G, Danisa K, Bosch J, Qilong Y, et al. Impact of ramipril in patients with evidence of clinical or subclinical peripheral arterial disease. European Heart Journal. 2004;25:17–24
  24. Dahlöf B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, Julius S, Beevers G, de Faire U, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet. 2002;359:995–1003
  25. International diabetes federation guidelines to treatment of diabetes <www.idf.org>
  26. Gaede P, Vedel P, Larsen N, Jensen GV, Parving HH, Pedersen O. Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jan 30;348(5):383–393
  27. Sillesen H, Madelung S, Eldrup N, Roed M. Organising a nurse-driven PAD rehabilitation clinic within the vascular surgical department: what is required and are treatment goals reached – a prospective study?. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2007 Jan;33(1):26–32

PII: S1078-5884(07)00656-9

doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2007.10.003

European Journal of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery
Volume 35, Issue 2 , Pages 139-144 , February 2008

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution