How to Introduce Carotid Angioplasty without Compromising Patient Safety

CE-MRA of a type I aortic arch with all 3 great vessels in the same horizontal plane as the outer curvature of the aortic arch. In addition, an anatomical variation in the origin of the left vertebral artery was detected (white arrow) as well as a stenosis of the left subclavian artery (yellow arrow).

IADSA showing a type II aortic arch. The innominate artery originates between the horizontal planes of the outer and inner curvatures of the aortic arch. Additionally this patient presented with a stenosis of the left subclavian artery (white arrow).

IADSA of the aortic arch with depiction of a type III aortic arch where the innominate artery originates below the horizontal plane of the inner curvature of the aortic arch.